Particle Number Emissions of a Euro 6d-Temp Gasoline Vehicle under Extreme Temperatures and Driving Conditions

With the introduction of gasoline particulate filters (GPFs), particle number (PN) emissions direct-injection (GDI) vehicles are below European regulatory limit 6 × 1011 p/km under certification conditions. Nevertheless, concerns have been raised regarding emission levels at boundaries ambient and driving conditions real-driving (RDE) regulation. A Euro 6d-Temp GDI vehicle with a GPF was tested on road in laboratory cycles simulating congested urban traffic, dynamic driving, towing trailer uphill 85% maximum payload. The temperatures covered range from ?30 to 50 °C. solid PN were 10 times lower than most temperatures. Only that regenerated filter passively, for next cycle resulted relatively high although they still limit. results this study confirmed effectiveness GPFs controlling wide